ECMAScript 6 (ES6), launched in 2015, brought exciting upgrades to JavaScript. It made coding easier with features like arrow functions (shorter functions), template literals (clearer text handling), and block-scoped variables (organized data). It even introduced classes (blueprints for making things) and smoother ways to handle promises. After ES6, more improvements came, making programming better and more efficient.

Block-Scoped Variables:

Introduced let and const for block-scoped variable declarations. Prevents variable hoisting issues.

Arrow Functions:

Concise syntax for defining functions. Captures surrounding this value.

Template Literals:

Embed expressions in strings using backticks. Enables string interpolation and multiline strings.

Destructuring Assignment:

Extract values from arrays and objects into variables. Enhances data unpacking and readability.

Default Parameters:

Set default values for function parameters. Used when no value is provided.

Spread and Rest Operators:

Spread elements of an iterable into another iterable or function arguments. Rest collects remaining arguments into an array.

Classes:

Structured class creation using class. Supports inheritance with extends keyword.

Promises:

Improved handling of asynchronous operations. Represents values available now or in the future.

Async/Await:

Simplifies asynchronous code with async and await keywords. Enhances code readability.

Modules:

Native support for modular code using import and export. Promotes code organization and reusability.

Map, Set, and WeakMap/WeakSet:

Specialized collections for various use cases. Maps allow any data type as keys, Sets store unique values. WeakMap and WeakSet for weak reference scenarios.

Enhanced Object Literals:

New features for object literals: Shorthand property notation. Computed property names. Methods defined using concise syntax.

Array Methods (forEach, map, filter, reduce, etc.):

Standardized and enhanced array methods. Offers functional programming capabilities. Improves code expressiveness and readability.

Subsequent Versions:

Continual improvements in later ECMAScript versions. Enhancements for more powerful and developer-friendly JavaScript.