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HTML

Introduction to Web and HTML

How the Web Works What is HTML Why Learn HTML

HTML Basics

HTML Structure and Syntax HTML Tags HTML Elements HTML Attributes Anatomy of an HTML Document Creating Your First HTML Page

HTML Document Structure

Document Type Declaration (<!DOCTYPE>) The `<html>` Element The `<head>` Section The `<meta>` Element The `<title>` Element The `<body>` Element HTML Comments

Text Formatting

Headings (<h1> to <h6>) Paragraphs (`<p>`) Line Breaks (`<br>`) Text Formatting Tags Preformatted Text (`<pre>`)

Lists

Unordered Lists (<ul> and <li>) Ordered Lists (<ol> and <li>) Definition Lists (<dl>, <dt>, and <dd>)

Links

Anchor Tags (<a>) Internal Links in html External Links in html Links to Email Addresses Linking to Other Resources Link Target Attributes Image Links

Images

Inserting Images (<img>) Image Attributes Image Formats (JPEG, PNG, GIF) Image Size and Alignment Image Maps

HTML Forms

HTML Form Structure Text Fields and Textareas Radio Buttons and Checkboxes Dropdowns / Select Box Text, Password, and Email Inputs in HTML Forms Date and Time Inputs in HTML Forms Submit and Reset Buttons Form Elements Attributes Form Validation Grouping Form Elements File Uploads Creating a Contact Form

Tables

Table Structure Table Rows and Columns Table Headers Table Data Table Captions Table Borders and Styling Spanning Rows and Columns

Multimedia

Embedding Audio (<audio>) Embedding Video (<video>) Video Formats (MP4, WebM, Ogg) Multimedia Attributes

HTML5 Sematic Elements

HTML5 Structural Elements Role of Semantic Elements Accessibility and SEO

HTML Entities

Special Characters and Symbols Common HTML Entities
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How the Web Works

How the Web Works

The World Wide Web (commonly referred to as the web) is a vast network of interconnected documents and resources that are accessible via the internet. It's the backbone of online communication, information sharing, and digital interactions. Understanding how the web works is fundamental when learning HTML, as it's the language used to create web pages.

Key Components of the Web

  1. Web Servers: Web servers are computers or machines that store and deliver web content to users. When you enter a web address (URL) into your browser, the browser communicates with the web server to retrieve and display the requested web page.
  2. Web Browsers: Web browsers are software applications (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari) that you use to access and view web pages. Browsers are responsible for rendering HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to present web content in a readable format.
  3. Internet: The internet is the global network that connects all devices and servers. It enables data to be transmitted and received across the world. Without the internet, the web wouldn't exist.

How Web Pages are Served

  1. User Request: The process begins when a user enters a web address (URL) into the browser's address bar and presses Enter. This URL specifies the location of the web page they want to visit.
  2. DNS Resolution: The URL is sent to a Domain Name System (DNS) server, which translates the human-readable domain name (e.g., www.example.com) into an IP address. This IP address is used to locate the web server hosting the requested page.
  3. Request to the Web Server: The browser sends an HTTP request to the web server associated with the IP address. The request includes the URL and additional data like browser type, accepted content formats, and more.
  4. Web Server Processing: The web server receives the request and locates the requested web page on its file system. It processes the request and assembles the web page, including any HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other assets.
  5. Server Response: The web server sends the assembled web page back to the user's browser in the form of an HTTP response. This response includes the HTML code of the web page, instructions on how to style it (CSS), and any interactive behavior (JavaScript).
  6. Browser Rendering: The browser receives the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and begins to render the web page. It interprets the HTML to create the page's structure, applies CSS for styling, and executes JavaScript for interactivity.
  7. User Interaction: The user can now interact with the web page, clicking links, filling out forms, and interacting with embedded media. These interactions trigger further requests and responses between the browser and web server.

Conclusion

Understanding the fundamental workings of the web is crucial for anyone looking to create and publish web content. HTML plays a vital role in defining the structure and content of web pages, which browsers then render for users to access and interact with. As you delve deeper into HTML, you'll learn how to create web pages that can be accessed and appreciated by users all around the world.

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