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Python

Basics of Python

Installing Python Setting up a Development Environment Writing and Running Your First Python Program Python's Syntax and Indentation

Variables and Data Types

Variables in python Numeric Data Types (int, float) Text Data Type (str) Boolean Data Type (bool) Type Conversion (Casting) Dynamic Typing in Python

Control Flow

Conditional Statements (if, elif, else) Comparison Operators Logical Operators Loops (for and while) Loop Control Statements (break and continue)

Functions

Defining Functions Function Parameters and Arguments Return Statements Scope and Lifetime of Variables Lambda Functions Recursion

Data Structures

Lists and List Operations Dictionaries and Dictionary Operations Tuples Sets List Comprehensions Dictionary Comprehensions

File Handling

Opening and Closing Files Reading and Writing Text Files Handling Exceptions in File Operations

Modules and Libraries

Importing Modules Commonly Used Standard Libraries External Libraries: NumPy and Pandas Installing and Managing Libraries with pip

Error Handling

Exceptions in Python Handling Exceptions with try and except Custom Exceptions
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Loops (for and while)

Loops (for and while)

Loops in Python are used to repeatedly execute a block of code. They allow you to automate repetitive tasks and process data efficiently. Python provides two primary types of loops: for and while.

1. The for Loop

The for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (such as a list, tuple, string, or range) and executing a block of code for each item in the sequence. Here's the basic syntax:

for variable in sequence:
    # Code to be executed for each item in the sequence

For example, iterating through a list of numbers:

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

for num in numbers:
    print(num)

This for loop will execute the indented code block for each element in the numbers list.

2. The while Loop

The while loop is used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is true. Here's the basic syntax:

while condition:
    # Code to be executed while the condition is True

For example, using a while loop to count from 1 to 5:

count = 1

while count <= 5:
    print(count)
    count += 1

The while loop will continue executing the code as long as the condition count <= 5 is true.

3. Loop Control Statements

Both for and while loops support loop control statements:

  • break: Terminates the loop prematurely, even if the loop condition is still true.
  • continue: Skips the rest of the current iteration and moves to the next iteration.
  • pass: Acts as a placeholder, allowing you to write a loop with no content for testing or future implementation.

4. Nested Loops

Python allows you to nest loops, which means placing one loop inside another. This is useful for working with two-dimensional data or creating more complex iterations.

For example, using nested loops to create a multiplication table:

for i in range(1, 6):
    for j in range(1, 6):
        print(i * j, end='\t')
    print()

This code uses nested for loops to generate a multiplication table from 1 to 5.

Loops are essential for automating repetitive tasks, processing large datasets, and iterating through collections of data. They help make your Python programs more dynamic and efficient.

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