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Python

Basics of Python

Installing Python Setting up a Development Environment Writing and Running Your First Python Program Python's Syntax and Indentation

Variables and Data Types

Variables in python Numeric Data Types (int, float) Text Data Type (str) Boolean Data Type (bool) Type Conversion (Casting) Dynamic Typing in Python

Control Flow

Conditional Statements (if, elif, else) Comparison Operators Logical Operators Loops (for and while) Loop Control Statements (break and continue)

Functions

Defining Functions Function Parameters and Arguments Return Statements Scope and Lifetime of Variables Lambda Functions Recursion

Data Structures

Lists and List Operations Dictionaries and Dictionary Operations Tuples Sets List Comprehensions Dictionary Comprehensions

File Handling

Opening and Closing Files Reading and Writing Text Files Handling Exceptions in File Operations

Modules and Libraries

Importing Modules Commonly Used Standard Libraries External Libraries: NumPy and Pandas Installing and Managing Libraries with pip

Error Handling

Exceptions in Python Handling Exceptions with try and except Custom Exceptions
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Numeric Data Types (int, float)

Numeric Data Types (int, float)

In Python, you can work with various numeric data types, including integers and floating-point numbers. These data types are essential for performing mathematical operations and representing different types of numerical data.

1. Integer (int)

Integers are whole numbers, both positive and negative, without any decimal point. You can use them to represent quantities, counts, and indices. In Python, you can declare integer variables as follows:

# Integer variables
x = 5
y = -10

You can perform various mathematical operations with integers, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

a = 10
b = 5

addition = a + b  # 15
subtraction = a - b  # 5
multiplication = a * b  # 50
division = a / b  # 2.0 (result is a float)

2. Floating-Point (float)

Floating-point numbers, or floats, are used to represent numbers with a decimal point or in scientific notation. Floats are essential for calculations that require precision. You can declare float variables like this:

# Float variables
pi = 3.14159
temperature = -10.5

Floats can be involved in various mathematical operations as well, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

x = 5.5
y = 2.0

addition = x + y  # 7.5
subtraction = x - y  # 3.5
multiplication = x * y  # 11.0
division = x / y  # 2.75

3. Type Conversion

You can convert between int and float types using type conversion functions:

  • To convert an int to a float, use the float() function.
  • To convert a float to an int, use the int() function (this truncates the decimal part).
integer_number = 10
float_number = 3.14

converted_to_float = float(integer_number)  # 10.0
converted_to_int = int(float_number)  # 3

4. Mathematical Operations

Python supports a wide range of mathematical operations for both int and float types, including:

  • Addition (+)
  • Subtraction (-)
  • Multiplication (*)
  • Division (/)
  • Modulus (remainder) (%)
  • Exponentiation (**)
  • Floor Division (//)
a = 10
b = 3

addition = a + b  # 13
subtraction = a - b  # 7
multiplication = a * b  # 30
division = a / b  # 3.3333333333333335
modulus = a % b  # 1
exponentiation = a ** b  # 1000
floor_division = a // b  # 3

Understanding and using these numeric data types and their operations is crucial for any programming that involves calculations. In the next sections, we'll explore more complex operations and functions available in Python for numeric data.

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